23 matches out of all 3,298, 1 to 23 displayed.
| 1836 | JesushilfeIt is known that already at the start of the 18th century there were leprosy sufferers in Jerusalem. In 1836 Robinson stated "by the Zion gate are several hovels of leprosy victims. They live together, intermarry, and have very little contact with the rest of the inhabitants" Witztum, Eli, "Jerusalem" collection of articles arranged by Yaron Lorberbaum, Nature Protection Society (Jerusalem 1988): 24-29, cited in Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1865 | JesushilfeIn 1865 the German pilgrims, von Keffenbrink and wife, from Nehringen on Tribsee, arrived in Jerusalem. They were appalled by the leprosy sufferers and approached Bishop Gobat with the offer of erecting, at their expense, a suitable institution. A committee was set up whose members were, apart from the bishop, the English medical missionary Dr. Chaplin, the German consul in Jerusalem, Dr. Rozen, and the clergyman Valentiner. Dr. Rozen purchased a plot near the water source of Mamilla (today at Agron Street no. 20, Jerusalem). The renowned Swiss architect in Jerusalem, Conrad Schick, prepared the plans for a modest building which was constructed by an Arab builder. Appointed director of the institution was the (male) nurse Tappen, previously a missionary among the Eskimos. His wife assisted him in his task. Tappen belonged to the Bohemian Brothers (Böhmische Brüder), a religious order rooted in the teachings of Jan Huss (1370 - 1415), founded in the 18th century by Graf von Zinzendorf. The order worked in various parts of the world. In 1818 it founded a leprosy settlement at the Cape of Good Hope. cited in Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1867 | JesushilfeThe asylum was constructed on a plot of 7800 sq.m. Schick’s plan allowed for eight rooms, a kitchen and bathroom, but only two rooms were erected. The building cost 1,000 golden napoleons . Initially patients feared to enter the facility and at its opening only four of the fifty intended took up residence-all were Moslems. Dedication of the house took place on May 30th 1867. Appointed treasurer was the German banker Protiger, resident in Jerusalem, and the Englishman Chaplin was the doctor. The latter ranked among the leprosy experts of the world, as did Prof. Haesser of Breslau. A year after the institution was opened it was full, inhabited by 12 patients. The second report, for 1868-70, spoke of 15. However, most sufferers were still with-out the house. One reason for this was the sufferers’ refusal of the celibacy demanded of them. As leprosy was considered to be hereditary, the sexes were kept apart. Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1868 | JesushilfeIn 1868 the missionary Dr. Carl Sandretzky (father of the physician Dr. Max Sandretzky) noted: "the authorities are only concerned that they (the leprosy victims), after diagnosis of the disease, be expelled, to a village in which sufferers are concentrated. There they will establish, as for example in Jerusalem, a community at the head of which will be a Sheikh. The latter, naturally, will be one of them." They were given a place to live far from the city and were permitted to fend for themselves. Most, naturally, chose the easiest way - begging, because with progression of the disease, standing became difficult. It appears that a leprosy settlement or village existed at the time of the British Mandate. Living in it, were, in the main, severely affected patients who wished to marry. This was because of the prohibition against marriage. The City of Jerusalem gave them one grush daily (the lowest denomination coin). In addition they could receive, according to their wishes, ambulatory treatment at the hospital. Y Katzenellenbogen "On the Question of Leprosy in the Land of Israel" Harefouh (1946): 139-143 cited in Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1874 | JesushilfeDuring 1874 the first nurse arrived in Jerusalem, Schwester Johanna. The scope of the work broadened and there were already plans afoot for a new hospital. Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1875 | JesushilfeKamil Pasha, Governor of Jerusalem, commenced the building of a shelter at Silwan, having been bribed by the Armenian Patriarch in order to rid the Zion Gate of its leprosy sufferers. Christian organizations contributed financially to the building. Because of a change of Governor, the building remained incomplete for many years. In 1875, the building was completed and the new Pasha, Ali Bey, concentrated in it the sufferers who were still at large. In its four rooms, 33 patients were housed. Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1876 | JesushilfeFor the year 1876, Dr. Chaplin reported: "From the opening, until now, there were 50 patients. Forty nine of them suffered from Elephantiasis (severe swelling of the lower limbs), 36 men and 13 women. Thirty seven suffered from tuberculoid leprosy and 12 from the anaesthetic form. There were 12 deaths, and 20 patients left the institution for various reasons. The present number of patients is 18, 12 male, 6 female. The treatment does not cure the disease, yet there is a certain effect on its course. Our experience of the 10 years of the institution’s existence proves that much can be done to assuage the suffering of the patients, to delay the progression of the disease, and to prevent death from acute illnesses from which they have difficulty in overcoming unaided. In the initial period of the institution’s existence special drugs were tried which from time to time were claimed to be efficacious. The results, however, were not encouraging." cited in Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1877 | JesushilfeDr. Bernhard Neuman, doctor at the Rothschild hospital in Jerusalem, who worked in the Holy Land for 15 years (1852-66), wrote that not even one Jew was among the leprosy patients at that time. Neuman Bernhardt: Die Heilige Stadt (Hamburg 1877): 487 cited in Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1881 | JesushilfeOn January 1st 1881, responsibility for the hospital passed to "The Community of Brothers" (Brudergemeinde). This organization, and notably its English branch, at its head Bishop La Trobe, exhibited interest in the hospital to the extent of accumulating considerable funds for it. Legally, management was vested in the local council in Jerusalem, which had been constituted a short while before. Chairman of the council was Baron Meinhausen, Consul for Germany in the Holy City. Treasurer was the banker Protiger; the others were the hospital’s doctor, Dr. Chaplin, and Schick, the architect. cited in Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1882 | JesushilfeAt the end of 1882, there were in the institution 16 patients: 11 male (6 Moslem, 5 Christian) and 5 females (2 Moslem, 3 Christian). In the same year, the local committee decided to transfer the institution to a new site close to the Templar settlement (Valley of Spirits, in Hebrew, Emek Harefaim). The prime reason for this, the fear that the government would close the institution because of its closeness to the city. The acquistion encountered many difficulties. Moslem interests, and Jewish, tried to prevent it. A short time after accession of the site for the new hospital, the old building was sold to the Catholic Lazarists. During World War 1, Turkish officers were housed in the building, defaced its façade and among other activities, created a mosque. At the war’s end, the building was commandeered by the British Supply Corps. Thereafter, the Lazarists returned and remain there until the present. After 1948 some Jewish families inhabited the upper storeys. " Witztum, Eli, "Jerusalem" collection of articles arranged by Yaron Lorberbaum, Nature Protection Society (Jerusalem 1988): 24-29, cited in Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1885 | JesushilfeOn the 9th May 1885, the building work of the hospital commenced on the new site following the plan of Conrad Schick. The building was dedicated on the 24th April 1887. At the main entrance, facing south are double stairs which lead to the entrance to the 1st floor. Above the entrance, chiselled in stone in German was Jesus-Hilfe. The 1st floor was planned around an inner courtyard. The rooms were connected by means of a passage and an arcade surrounding the courtyard on all sides. The rooms of the 2nd floor were joined by a verandah and a wooden staircase leading to the courtyard. The garden enabled the patients to indulge in the growing of various plants. In the courtyard were two large wells. Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1885 | JesushilfeBrother Tappen returned to Germany in 1884 (d. 1897) and the direction of the new hospital was entrusted to Father Müller who remained in this capacity until 1891. He was then replaced by Karl Schubert. In 1908, the institution was transferred to the management of the Deaconesses from Herrnhut. Three of them had already been working in the institution. Elizabeth Müller was appointed to be the principal nurse. Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1893 | JesushilfeIn 1893 a children’s section was opened for the healthy children of affected parents. Medical treatment, in the new building, was directed by Dr. Einsler. It is not known when he replaced his predecessor, Dr. Chaplin. At all events, the latter left his position at the English Hospital in 1886 on health grounds, presumably he was then also relieved of his duties at the hospital for leprosy patients. Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1898 | JesushilfeAt the end of the 1893, there were 28 patients in the hospital, and at the end of 1898, there were 40 patients.The journalist Bakushta of the periodical Ha’Tzvi quoted the Turkish press according to which, in the whole of Palestine, there were more than 300 leprosy patients. In Silwan village, there were 15-20 patients; in Nablus, there was a leprosy home containing 10-15 patients. An equal number were in Ramle.The government supplied basic foodstuffs and water, but not medical assistance and the periodical added; "At Silwan the patients live in cramped quarters without division of the sexes." The government permitted begging for alms and this indeed was fairly successful in Jerusalem, each leprosy patient could accumulate a few Francs (sic) daily. However, all this was to no avail because eventually the patients were rejected and isolated and this not due to the law, because there were no governmental edicts regarding leprosy patients. However, the public at large reacted with disgust to the deformaties caused by leprosy. Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1902 | JesushilfeThe external appearance of the hospital was pleasant, around it a large garden, beautiful with ornamental trees and flora, which was planted by Gustav Dalman, a German missionary, archeologist and linguist. He was active between 1902 and 1917. His ambition was to design a biblical garden containing plants mentioned in the bible. Ha Tzvi "Leprosy in Eretz Israel," Wednesday 9th of Kislev (one of the months of the Hebrew calendar) 48 (1909): 2 cited in Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1908 | JesushilfeThe superindent of 17 years standing died, and the hospital was left to the care of the Sisters. Source: The British Journal of Nursing, 43 (July 10, 1909). This article also mentions a visit by Emperor William of Germany several years before. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1918 | JesushilfeDuring World War I, the work at the hospital went on uninterrupted. After the war, the hospital was principally supported by Britain and the centre, which was previously in Herrnhut, was transferred to Britain. However, the Sisters continued to come, as previously, from the center at Emaus, near Dresden. The local committee, at the head of which originally, was a cleric, ceased its function. The German influence on the hospital decreased and, in the eyes of the (British) Mandatory government, became international. Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1919 | JesushilfeDr. Einsler died in 1919 and in his place Dr. Tewfik Canaan was appointed Medical Director. He had been the assistant in the German Hospital. He directed the hospital for 29 years, until 1948. During this period, marked progress in the treatment of leprosy occurred, including the introduction of the sulphones. Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1926 | JesushilfeSister Elizabeth Müller left the hospital in 1923, after 33 years of faithful service. In 1924, the Danish nurse, Oggeline Noergaard, was appointed. Dr. Canaan continued to be the doctor in charge. In addition Dr. Shelly, ophthalmologist, worked in the hospital. According to Graibsky, in November 1926, there were 35 Moslem and 15 Christian patients. Five Sisters of Mercy worked there "under the supervision of the Brothers of Mercy of Herrnhut, which is in Silesia." Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1932 | JesushilfeDaily routine at the leprosarium was described by Mrs Hutton in "Nursing the lepers in Jerusalem", The British Journal of Nursing, 80 (Feb 1932): 51. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1937 | JesushilfeIn 1937, leprosy was surveyed epidemiologically among the Jews of Galilee. This was under the auspices of the dermatology department of the Hadassah Organization in Jerusalem. "The field survey" was entrusted to the dermatologist Dr. Reuven Yeshurun, who worked mostly in secrecy in order to avoid sowing panic.The survey continued from mid February until mid June 1937 and was performed by all possible means: in the small settlements most residents were examined; in the towns, Tiberias and Safed only, the relatives of patients as well as "suspects" which Dr. Yeshurun "caught" by observation in the street.The survey discovered 11 patients, 9 of them in Tiberias. "Survey of Leprosy in Galilee", File J3051 cited in Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1939 | JesushilfeAt the oubreak of World War II, the Hadassah Organization decided to "adopt the Leprosy Hospital" and to help it overcome the difficulties arising from shortages of materials and nurses. Large quantities of bed linen were supplied. Nursing and medical staff, principally opthalmological, were supplied. During all the war years, the functioning of the hospital was not affected and even the German nurses continued as usual. Hadassah News 8.10-11 (October-November 1941): 14 cited in Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |
| 1948 | JesushilfeAt the commencement of the War of Liberation (i.e. Israel’s War of Independence) the hospital housed 60-70- patients, mostly Arabs. The hospital remained in the Jewish section of the new city (Jerusalem). The Arab patients preferred to move to East Jerusalem together with the Deaconesses. Remaining in the hospital were 34 H.D. patients (26 Jews and 8 Arabs). In 1951, the hospital was sold to the Government of Israel and the Ministry of Health took over the management. The name was changed to the Hansen Hospital. Medical responsibility for the hospital was given to the dermatology Department of Hadassah in Jerusalem. After 1948, 283 patients immigrated to Israel, most of them from 11 countries. Treatment was free. Actually the building can accommodate 100 beds, but the average number of in-patients never arose above 30; the rest received ambulatory treatment. Nissim Levy, History of Medicine in the Holy Land : 1799-1948 (Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House & the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 1998), translation by Professor Mark N. Lowenthal. [Leprosarium] [Palestine] |