International Leprosy Association -
History of Leprosy

  • International Leprosy Association -
    History of Leprosy

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    1925 Hospital dos Lázaros"The conservation of the old Leper Hospital, situated in the center of Rio and modernized today, is a necessity for medical instruction and for research in experimental therapeutics of leprosy."
    (Araujo, H C S, 'The Leprosy Problem in Brazil'. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine, 1925:5 (3) 224) [Leprosarium] [Brazil]
    1925 Santo Ângelo"The care and treatment of the lepers of S. Paulo city is under the charge of "Santa Casa da Misericordia", Catholic Association, which maintains the old "Hospital do Guapira", today with about 400 patients, and is continuing the construction of the new leprosarium of Santo Angelo. Of this leprosarium four great pavillions and the administration building are completed and in a short time patients will be received."
    (Araujo, H C S. 'The Leprosy Problem in Brazil'. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine, 1925:5 (3) 224) [Leprosarium] [Brazil]
    1925 Lazarópolis do Prata91 entered, 35 left, 4 died, 374 remained. (Araujo, H C S. 'Contribuição á epidemiologia e prophylaxia da lepra no norte do Brasil'. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 1933:27, 204) [Leprosarium] [Brazil]
    1925 GuapiraAround 400 patients. (Araujo, HCS. 'The Leprosy Problem in Brazil'. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine, 1925:5, 3) [Leprosarium] [Brazil]
    1925 Tocunduba265 patients in total at end of year: 114 admitted; twenty-eight dismissed; forty-nine died.
    (Araujo, H C S. 'Contribuição á epidemiologia e prophylaxia da lepra no norte do Brasil'. Mem. Inst. Osw. Cruz, 1933:27 (3)) [Leprosarium] [Brazil]
    1925 Cuttack Leper HospitalIn 1925, August 20, Cuttack was visited by Mahatma Gandhi (Jayadev Sahu, "One Hundred Years of Leprosy Work in Orissa 1885-1984" Unpublished thesis, 1989) [Leprosarium] [India]
    1925 Tsinan LeprosariumJinan leprosarium in Shandong Province, China, was opened in 1925
    "Chen Shumin, Liu Dingchang, Liu Bing, Zhang Lin and Yu Xioulu, "Role of Leprosy Villages and Leprosaria in Shandong Province, People's Republic of China: Past, Present and Future" Leprosy Review, 74 (2003): 222-8. [Leprosarium] [China]
    1925 Hongkew General DispensaryThe Hongkew General Dispensary (formerly known as the Swarthmore Dispensary) was started by Dr Elizabeth Shapleigh in a small Chinese house on Tien The Road in November 1925. (F Y Pan, 'Shanghai Hongkew General Dispensary', in James L Maxwell, "Ridding China of Leprosy" The China Medical Journal 44 (1930): 793). [Leprosarium] [China]
    1925 Raja Charles Brooke Memorial HospitalWhen the hospital was established in 1925 it was little more than a small compound in the jungle to which people with leprosy were confined. Relatives would sometimes venture to its borders to deposit supplies (which could be collected later), then disappear back into the jungle. At its peak, the hospital was home to over 500 patients, who were almost completely isolated from society [Leprosarium] [Sarawak, east Malaysia]
    1925 Lady Willingdon SettlementRev John Stewart, the Secretary of the Madras Mission Council of the United Free Church of Scotland, reported to the Foreign Mission Committee, in a letter submitted on May 7, 1925 that an agreement had been reached with the Government regarding the handing over of the Leper Settlement at Tirumani (Chingleput) to the Mission on 1st July. The committee approved the agreement. (Mss, Leprosy Mission International, Brentford) [Leprosarium] [India]
    1925 San PabloSan Pablo established. In the mid to late 1920s it held at least 50 patients a year. [Leprosarium] [Peru]
    1925 MakogaiAdditional patients were transferred from Quail Island. [Leprosarium] [Fiji]
    1925 Lazareto Barão de Manáos"There is a leper home, with 80 patients, situated in Manaos".
    Source: HCS Araujo. "The leprosy problem in Brazil", The American Journal of Tropical Medicine, 5.3 (1925): 221. [Leprosarium] [Brazil]
    1926 Distribution of Hydnocarpus wightiana seed to colonies and H anthelmintica from Siam. Seeds were to be obtained from H Olesen, Siam Industries, Bankok, Siam.
    Source: "Tai Foong Chee Treatment", Leprosy Notes, 2 (1928): 12-13. [Treatment]
    1926 Frank Oldrieve visited West Africa. Branches were formed in Nigeria and the Gold Coast, and a whole-time doctor was appointed in each Colony as secretary and leprosy expert.
    Source: The Foundation of the British Empire Leprosy Relief Association (BELRA) and its First Twenty-One Years of Work by Sir Leonard Rogers. London: British Empire Leprosy Relief Association, 1945: p 14. [Organisation] [Africa]
    1926 Chinese Mission to Lepers founded. The organizing committee consisted of Dr Fong F Sec (Chairman), Mr W Yinson Lee (Secretary), Mr John C Lind (Treasurer), Dr E S Tyau, Dr Mary Stone, Mrs W S New, Mr Anson T Wong, Mr P K Chu, and Mr Percy Chu. Mr Tang Shao-yi was elected the Honorary President, and Mr W Yinson Lee was elected President.
    Source: Editorial, The Leper Quarterly: The Official Organ of the Chinese Mission to Lepers, 1 (1927): 1-4. [Other] [China]
    1926 Malta: 64 cases (Araujo, quoted in Rogers 22). [Epidemiology] [Europe]
    1926 A Provincial Leprosy Committee for Bihar and Orissa was formed. [Other] [India]
    1926 The "Gram Sangathana Kendra Leprosy Clinic" at Chowdwar was established by Sri Laxmi Narayan Sahu. [People] [India]
    1926 Frank Oldrieve visited the West Indies and British Guiana. Several local branches of BELRA were formed, but with little practical result owing to lack of funds. The Foundation of the British Empire Lprosy Relief Association (BELRA) and its First Twenty-One Years of Work by Sir Leonard Rogers. London: British Empire Leprosy Relief Association, 1945. p 14. [Organisation] [British Guiana, West Indies]
    1926 Seventy-six people were confined in the lazaret on Peel Island, Queensland, and seventeen new cases with leprosy were identified in the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Public Health to 30th June, 1926, (Brisbane: Anthony James Cumming, Government Printer, William Street). [Epidemiology] [Australasia]
    1926 "… at Culion in the Philippines, H W Wade and C B Lara reported 6,000 cases treated in 1921 to November 1926, with 629 recoveries, which with discharges to the end of 1926, would reach over 800. As the result of this unique experience, they concluded that the modern treatment is decidedly superior to the older ones, especially in early cases, and they continued: 'Though they are admittedly much less effective on well-established, advanced cases, the results obtained in the Philippine Islands during the last few years show that a not inconsiderable proportion of such cases (probably 15 to 20 per cent) can be apparently cured if treated intensively, under proper conditions.'" "Recent Advance in the Treatment of Leprosy and its Bearing on Prophylaxis" The Practitioner (April 1928) [Treatment, People, Epidemiology] [Philippines]
    1926 Nauru: In his report for 1926 [on the situation in Nauru], it was possible for the Medical officer to record that "results have, on the whole, been satisfactory. Eighteen cases required segregation during the year. Discharges from the Leper Station numbered 35."
    Source: C J Austin, Leprosy on the Island of Nauru, Noumea, South Pacific Commission, April 1952, p 2. [Epidemiology] [Nauru, Pacific Islands]
    1926 Kenya: By 1926, no site had been found for the proposed new settlement on the coast of Kenya, and the seetlements at Malindi and Lamo were considered unsatisfactory.
    Source: Leonard Rogers, "Leprosy Incidence and Control in East Africa, 1924-1952 and the Outlook" Leprosy Review 25.1 (1954): 41-59. [Treatment, People, Epidemiology] [Africa, Kenya]
    1926 In 1926, in his preliminary report to the Health Committee of the League of Nations, Professor Chagas described leprosy as a medical and social issue requiring the cooperation of “all civilized countries”. He suggested that from all the approaches against the disease, there needed to be a selection of the most effective and then a formulation of a coherent approach, as a guide to countries where the disease exists.He stated that this was a matter for “international solidarity” for two reasons: one because the colonies look to “the mother country for help and protection”; and two because of the danger of the disease spreading. He emphasized that this was a matter of international responsibility, not only because there was much to known of the disease, but also because the disease was “threatening to invade other countries, as yet uninfected.” Africa, Asia and America were affected, and leprosy not only caused the deterioration of the individual, but also caused “grave economic problems”. Chagas went on to stress the “duty of international solidarity” that devolved upon the European nations because of the ease of communication between the colonies and the “home countries”. There were “natives” who came to the home country for treatment as well as the “nationals who returned infected”, in addition to those who went to “the great scientific centers” in the hope of a cure. This then created a danger of bringing infection to new centers, creating new foci. This then called for international health regulations capable of preventing the spread of leprosy. He cited three international conferences sponsored by the German, Norwegian, and French national governments, respectively, that had shown the exceptional interest in leprosy: the Berlin Conference, the Bergen one and the Strasbourg conference, in addition to the first American conference on leprosy held in Brazil in 1922. In addition, the French Academy of Medicine were taking measures to control the disease. Apparently a “native” case of leprosy had been reported in Paris. He then cited statistics for leprosy in the colonies of all the European countries, beginning with the French colonies. This included the statistics for the British Colonies, China, Japan, Indo China, Egypt, and the New World and Oceania. Then he also discussed leprosy in European sites of concentration, including the Maritime Alps in France, Sweden, Lithuania, and Estonia, the Baltic provinces, Spain, Italy, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Roumania, Turkey, Greece, Crete, and Paris. Finally, he set out a plan of action for the Health Committee that included the dissemination of knowledge, investigation into treatment, research into the transmission of infection, the exchange of specialists and the development of leprosy research centers, promotion of an international leprosy review, and promotion of international legislation so as to stop the disease from being transmitted from one center to another. He concluded that the Health Committee set up a special commission to study the problem of leprosy in all its aspects.(Chagas, C. Rapport préliminaire sur le probleme de la lèper, présénte par le prof. [C]C [1926], C.252 M 96 1926 p. 95-7 also CH 466 Vol No 299) [Legislation, Organisation]
    1926 At the 6th Session of the Health Organisation, League of Nations: Health Committee: Sixth Session (Held from Monday, April 26th to Saturday May 1st, 1926, Professor Chagas, as the Vice President of the Health Committee, presented his report. He stressed that the danger of the international spread of leprosy should all the more be emphasized, because no international regime existed, there is no legal provision which allowed of, or directed measures for, preventing the importation of leprosy. In the discussion that followed Dr Raynaud spoke about the ineffectiveness of resolutions that usually came from congresses so that it was important for the committee to study the problem. Dr Jitta applied the problem, as elucidated by Professor Chagas to the Netherlands (where there was none) and its colonies (where it was widespread). There were also responses confirming interest and concern from Japan (Dr. Tsurumi, the representative of the Japanese Public Health Service), Portugal (Professor Ricardo Jorge), Britain (Sir George Buchanan), who pointed out the scale of the problem and advised that the already gathered experience of the Office International d’Hygiène Publique be consulted. Surgeon-General Cumming (Director General of the US Public Health Service, Washington) pointed put that there was already legislation in place governing the entrance of people into the US and Puerto Rico. He read a letter from the American Leprosy Mission requesting that the League of Nations do something for the relief of people suffering from leprosy. A procedure for action by Professor Chagas was outlined: that he would get in touch with experts in order to discover what points should be made the object of enquiries and which should be submitted to the Health Committee. He was to liaise between those at the Office International d’Hygiène Publique and experts on leprosy, acting as a centre for information. Then he was to submit a programme to the Health Committee. Chagas emphasised the need to find out how the disease was transmitted. Some concern was shown about compulsory notification of leprosy and compulsory isolation of those with the disease arguing that it worked against treatment. He stated that he did not want to have legislation for isolation in every country, but did want to encourage legislation that prevented the spread of the disease from country to country, especially via seaports. Chargas anticipated the appointment of a special Commission by the Health Committee, and the Committee requested that he investigate the issue and consult with experts. 1926 May 1 the 6th Session of the Health Organisation, League of Nations: Health Committee: Sixth Session (Held from Monday, April 26th to Saturday May 1st, 1926. [Organisation]
    1926 Rev T C Wu, General Secretary of the Chinese Mission to Lepers, toured China, visting leprosy colonies, raising funds, and encouraging regional auxiliaries. He described this tour in "A report of my trip to South China", The Leper Quarterly, 1 (1927): 13-28. [Other] [China]
    1926 Malaysia: the Leper Enactment Act required compulsory notification and isolation of leprosy patients. This led to the founding of the National Leprosy Control Centre (NLCC) in Sungai Buloh, Selangor.
    Source: P. Jayalakshmi, "Leprosy in Malaysia", Malays J Pathol., 16.1 (1994): 7-9. [Legislation] [Malaysia]
    1926 National Sanatorium Tama Zensho-en (Zensei Hospital) 国立療養所多磨全生園Araujo, H C S, 'Correspondencia do Japão. O 6º Congresso de Medicina Tropical, realizado em Tokyo, de 11 a 13 de Outobro de 1925'. Brasil Med., 1926:40 (3) 34.
    Source: Keffer, L, Índice Bibliográfico da Lepra:1.500-1.944, Vol II, I-P. Biblioteca do Departamento da Lepra do São Paulo, Brasil, 1946. [Leprosarium] [Japan]
    1926 Hospital dos LázarosO Hospital dos Lazaros é um estabelecimento modelar.- Na Capital da Republica não temos outro tão bem organizado e conservado - O Diario de Medicina visita esse hospital da Irmandade da Candelaria que, não obstante ser de especialidade e o menos conhecido, é o melhor do Rio'. From Diario Med., 13-2-1926.
    Source: Keffer, L, Índice Bibliográfico da Lepra:1.500-1.944, Vol II, I-P. Biblioteca do Departamento da Lepra do São Paulo, Brasil, 1946. [Leprosarium] [Brazil]
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