International Leprosy Association -
History of Leprosy

  • International Leprosy Association -
    History of Leprosy

    Timeline

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    1908 Ranigunj (Raniganj, Ranigani, Raniganji)An advance of Rs. 2000 was made to start work in connection with the Raniganj leprosy asylum West Bengal State Archives [Leprosarium] [India]
    1908 Ranigunj (Raniganj, Ranigani, Raniganji)Payment of Rs. 15 was made to Babu John Singh as actual travelling expenses in order for him to take up his appointment West Bengal State Archives [Leprosarium] [India]
    1908 Ranigunj (Raniganj, Ranigani, Raniganji)A grant of Rs. 9350 was proposed to be made to the Raniganj leprosy asylum to meet the cost of additional accommodation of people with leprosy West Bengal State Archives [Leprosarium] [India]
    1908 Ranigunj (Raniganj, Ranigani, Raniganji)The plan and estimate amounting to Rs. 4320 for the construction of 4 additional wards and the sinking of a new well for the Raniganj leprosy asylum were sanctioned West Bengal State Archives [Leprosarium] [India]
    1908 JesushilfeThe superindent of 17 years standing died, and the hospital was left to the care of the Sisters. Source: The British Journal of Nursing, 43 (July 10, 1909). This article also mentions a visit by Emperor William of Germany several years before.
    [Leprosarium] [Palestine]
    1908 BagamoyoThe hospital had the capacity to receive around 100 lepers. Source: H Goergen "The History of Health Care in Tanzania".
    [Leprosarium] [German East Africa]
    1908 Alleppey (Allepy)Isaac Henry Hacker, A Hundred Years in Travancore, 1806-1906, a history and description of the work done by the London Missionary society. London, 1908. [Leprosarium] [India]
    1908 Moulmein Leper HomeIn a survey of leprosaria in 1931 it was reported that Moulmein was founded in 1908.
    Source: League of Nations Archive: File 29098. [Leprosarium] [Burma]
    1908 Bagida ColonyBy April 1908 there were only fourteen patients in the far too generously-planned facility. The Medical Report for Togo had to admit that the patients felt their isolation as a hardship, and saw no improvement in their suffering … and would therefore always take themselves off to the interior again. The memoranda described more benignly the tendencies of the leprosy victims to escape, saying that the inmates "generally did not gladly remain in the facility". A more decisive attitude than the former liberal approach to coming and going was officially pronounced, in which it was forbidden for patients and suspects to leave their section. Possibly the ordinance to reduce freedoms was intended more to impress those in Berlin than it could those in Bagida. In the colonial periphery one was more inclined to supervise the isolation with as much encouragement as possible, since living conditions or inmates were thoroughly liberal; thus the distant doctor in Lome could grant healthy visitors or perhaps mothers a short-term or longer-term stay in the leprosy village "to care for of the little child".

    The sick and suspects were given a mat, towel, blanket, mosquito net, cooking pot and bowl. Only those too ill to work were given a daily allowance of 20 pence a day - the others received nothing as they were expected to harvest food from their farms, and give up their earnings from excess production for the other inmates, against minimal payment for the upkeep of the village.
    Any infringements of regulations by those able to work were punished by farmwork and work for the overall needs of the village.

    A nurse, assisted by a guard, kept records of supervision of the village, of medications, numbers of inmates, of payments made. Efforts to treat patients with Nastin, and with the herbal extracts Chaulmoogra oil and Balsamum Gurguni were unsuccessful, so that medical attention was limited to observations and symptomatic treatments. The stringent criteria laid down for total cures showed a long-term optimisim - there was not a single case of a cure.

    From 1908, the number of village residents grew to 38, hardly worthy of a claim of success. The occasional distribution of "treats" such as tobacco and sugar had no effect on the inmates’ passive resistance to carrying out the necessary farm work. The doctor and administrative officers were helpless in the face of the pressure by the sick to visit their healthy relatives . Under such conditions, attempts at treatment were destined to fail. Nastin was said at first to have shown some signs of the retreat of the disease, but a year later was reported to have had no effects on symptoms; it had, however, had life-threatening side effects in only one case and was well tolerated by children.
    (Translated and summarised from Wolfgang U Eckart, Medizin and Kolonialimperialismus: Deutschland 1884-1945 pp 152-161) [Leprosarium] [Togo]
    1909 Spain: a leper colony in the Alicante district of Valencia (Malaga, Granada, Seville - leper hospitals - the Sanitary Colony of Fontilles): (Rogers 21). [Other] [Europe]
    1909 The Second International Leprosy Congress, Bergen. This conference reaffirmed the recommendation for control of the disease by isolation and segregation; it recommended the removal of children from leprous parents as soon as possible; and it recognised the probable hematogenous dissemination of leprosy.
    Source: International Journal of Leprosy: Centennial Festskrift, 1 1873-1973 Antileprol was presented to this Congress. [Conference/Congress, Treatment] [Europe]
    1909 17 January - the first eight patients entered Fontilles, attended by the Sisters Franciscans de la Inmaculada and by the Jesuits. Soon after the Sanatorium became a self-sufficient village with its own facilities. (Father Ignacio Moragues, Director, Fontilles) [Other] [Europe]
    1909 1909 Thailand: the Government's Leprosy Division estimated 10,000 cases in the entire country.
    Source: Brown TR., Chapter 2 in Contagious Compassion: Celebrating 100 Years of American Leprosy Missions. Providence House: Franklin, 2006, pp. 25-42. [Epidemiology] [Thailand]
    1909 National Sanatorium Matsuoka Hoyo-en (Hokubu Hoyo-in) 国立療養所松丘保養園This sanatoria was originally opened as the Hokubu Hoyo-in on April 1st in 1909. It started with 90 beds in Aburakawa Village and it was called "The Northern Leprosarium of Second Division". It was established and operated by the local governments of all the six prefectures of the Tohoku region and the Hokkaido. In that year it was moved to the present site on October 1st. [Leprosarium] [Japan]
    1909 National Sanatorium Kikuchi Keifu-en (Kyushu Hospital) 国立療養所菊池恵楓園Originally opened as the Kyushu Hospital [Leprosarium] [Japan]
    1909 National Sanatorium Tama Zensho-en (Zensei Hospital) 国立療養所多磨全生園This hospital opened as the Zensei Hospital [Leprosarium] [Japan]
    1909 National Sanatorium Oshima Seisho-en / Ohshima Hospital 国立療養所大島青松園The Ohshima Seisho-en was originally opened as the Ohshima hospital [Leprosarium] [Japan]
    1909 Culion Leper ColonyThe British Journal of Nursing, 43, (4 September, 1909): 203 reported that there were 1,700 patients there. [Leprosarium] [Philippines]
    1909 Kondhwa Budruk (Kondova Leper Home)Founded.
    Source: Report on Leprosy and its Control in India by the Committee appointed by the Central Advisory Board of Health (1941). Government of India Press, New Dehli, 1942, p. 58. [Leprosarium] [India]
    1910 Dr J Gonzalez Uruena presented to the Fourth National Medical Congress of September [Conference/Congress] [Central America]
    1910 In Mexico City, exactly two months before the beginning of the Mexican revolution, a paper entitled “How to Begin Antileprosy Prophylaxis in Mexico”. In this trumpet call in a desert of indifference, the author recalls the existence of the disease in the country, and the need of a survey as the first step in the campaign. (LR 32.4 (Oct 1961): 285) [Other] [Central America]
    1910 Use of injectable refined chaulmoogra oil was pioneered between 1910 and 1914 [Other] [Philippines]
    1910 Eighty-four cases with leprosy in Queensland were identified in the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Public Health to 30th June, 1910, (Brisbane: Anthony James Cumming, Government Printer, William Street). [Epidemiology] [Australasia]
    1910 KalaupapaDie Aussätzigen auf Malokai [sic]'. Arch. F. Schiffs-u. Tropen-Hyg., 1910:14 (5) 161.
    Source: Keffer, L, Índice Bibliográfico da Lepra:1.500-1.944, Vol II, I-P. Biblioteca do Departamento da Lepra do São Paulo, Brasil, 1946. [Leprosarium] [Hawaii]
    1910 KalaupapaLesson, 'La Léproserie de Molokai - Iles Havai'. Bib. Int. Lep., 1910:9 (3) 162.
    Source: Keffer, L, Índice Bibliográfico da Lepra:1.500-1.944, Vol II, I-P. Biblioteca do Departamento da Lepra do São Paulo, Brasil, 1946. [Leprosarium] [Hawaii]
    1910 Lazaretto, Black RockThe Official Gazette, 4 April 1910 contains an official notice of the opening of the new leprosy hospital. (568) [Leprosarium] [West Indies]
    1910 Bagida ColonyThe government meanwhile had abandoned its earlier liberal approach to the isolation of leprosy patients, as it had in control measures against sleeping sickness and small pox, as seen in its ordinance in Colonial-Legislation 13 (1909), where the option of compulsory isolation and penalties for non-reporting were codified. This was totally ineffectual: by 1910, 16 of 38 villagers had escaped, 6 had died and only 7 new cases were registered. So while the Model Leprosy home was taking giagantic steps towards its breakdown in Lomé, no countrywide survey of level of spread of the disease could be made yet, although in some District Offices, the lists of potential patients were at least initiated. When the number of patients shrank to 18 (after 11 new cases, 14 absconders and one death were calculated), Krüger had no option but to recognize the situation, though not without attempting to attribute the now demonstrable failure of the project to ethnic and geographical factors of the country. (Translated and summarised from Wolfgang U Eckart, Medizin and Kolonialimperialismus: Deutschland 1884-1945 pp 152-161)
    [Leprosarium] [Togo]
    1911 In India the Lepers Act of 1898 was applied to Mumbai. The Acworth Leprosy Asylum was appointed as the institution suitable for the maintenance of pauper leprosy patients. Accommodation was available for 350 in 1920 and 500 by 1935.
    Source: Bhatki, The History of Leprosy in India: 43-5. [Legislation] [India]
    1911 Fiji: Makogai settlement begun. [Other] [Pacific Islands]
    1911 109 094 leprosy patients were estimated in India in a population of 315 156 306, a prevalence of 0.35. Table 65.1: Information on Census and Leprosy Prevalence in India 1872 to 1931 in M D Gupte, "Leprosy: Epidemiology" in IADVL Textbook of Atlas of Dermatology vol 1 2nd ed, 2001. [Epidemiology] [India]
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