International Leprosy Association -
History of Leprosy

  • International Leprosy Association -
    History of Leprosy

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    1930 Pakhoi CMS Leper Asylum
    "At present there are 35 women and 55 men. Occupations of varius kinds are carried on by the inmates, such as basket-work, carpentry, printing, broom-making etc. All finished articles are sterilised before leaving the asylum and a non-leper [sic] is engaged as salesman. There is a school where illiterate patients are taught to read and write. Over 90% of the inmates are baptised Christians."
    Source: S Y Sing and P Z Sun, 'The CMS Leper Asylum, Pakhoi, South China' in James L Maxwell, "Ridding China of Leprosy" The China Medical Journal 44 (1930): 778.
    [Leprosarium] [China]
    1930 Yenping leper village"The little hospital property is very well suited to the work we are trying to do. Screened throughout, with abundant garden space and water supply, the sunny, airy rooms are very attractive even to visitors. The complete plant, including separate rooms for the caretaker, cost about $2,000.00 Mex., the larger part of which was contributed through the American Mission to Lepers"(J E Skinner, 'Yenping', in James L Maxwell, "Ridding China of Leprosy" The China Medical Journal 44 (1930): 785)
    [Leprosarium] [China]
    1930 Loyuan"This year only 16 live in the camp and 54 relations are in the outside houses, and the Catechist's house has been turned into a leprosy home for women, early cases of leprosy, undergoing treatment."
    Source: Dr F M Cooper, 'Loyuan', in James L Maxwell, "Ridding China of Leprosy" The China Medical Journal, 44 (1930): 785 [Leprosarium] [China]
    1930 Hongkew General DispensaryFollowing the death of Dr Shapleigh, the Hongkew General Dispensary was taken over by the Chinese Mission to lepers on 1st April 1930. (F Y Pan, 'Shanghai Hongkew General Dispensary', in James L Maxwell, "Ridding China of Leprosy" The China Medical Journal 44 (1930): 793). [Leprosarium] [China]
    1930 Sungai BulohWhen the new Settlement at Sungai Buloh was officially opened in 1930, it was practically the largest and most modern leprosarium in the British Commonwealth. The Culion Island Settlement in the Philippines with its population of around 6,000, established some 20 years earlier was certainly the largest in the world, but Sungai Buloh was the most impressive because of its scenic setting and its modern buildings and facilities. It was also destined to leave its impress on the leprosy world by becoming in later years a noted center of research. Even as early as the 30s Sungai Buloh was in the news as a center of research when the first notable drug trials with dyes were carried out. Though this search among aniline dyes for an alternative to the hydnocarpus oil then in wide use as the only effective remedy, proved unsuccessful, we may recall here that one of the most effective drugs in use today is clofazimine, which is derived from a rimino-phenazine dye. A. Joshua-Raghavar, Leprosy in Malaysia: Past, Present and Future, ed. Dr K Rajagopalan (A Joshua-Raghavar: Sungai Buluh, Selangor, West Malaysia, 1983): 8-9. [Leprosarium] [Malaysia]
    1930 Lake Bunyoni Leprosy SettlementLake Bunyoni Leprosy Settlement founded. [Leprosarium] [Uganda]
    1930 OmdurmanRobert Cochrane reported on his visit to Omdurman, in 1930, that "The great majority of the forty odd patients are very advanced cases, and apart from hastening on the resolution of the disease, little can be expected as a result of treatment. In addition to this camp there is a small out-patient centre in connection with the CMS hospital where about eighteen patients attend. Among these were quite a number in the early stages of the disease. Considering the type of case, the treatment on the whole was quite satisfactory. Trichloracetic Acid should be used in all camps, unless there is a staff sufficient to carry out experimental work. I am of the opinion that the camp at Omdurman is not a suitable one to be styled the experimental station." (Report by Robert Cochrane on the Leprosy Situation in the Sudan) [Leprosarium] [Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]
    1930 LuiIn 1930, Dr Cochrane visited Lui and reported that " Dr Fraser has organised a very good leper colony and has some 120 lepers segregated. I was struck by the large number of very highly contagious cases that were apparent in this leper home. The type of case here indicates that either the disease is new in the district, or else for some reasons the virulence has increased. Dr Fraser informed me that he had no doubt that leprosy was spreading, and at present it was much worse than it used to be. I have suggested earlier in the report that the disease has spread up from the Belgian Congo, and I consider that unless active measures are taken the disease may become still worse. Where there are apparetnly such a large number of infective cases it would be advisable to have a camp rather than a colony. In addition the CMS missionary is able to supervise such an establishment and ensure its success. Dr Fraser said that he thought he coul deal with the probable 300-400 estimated lepers in his immediate district, and that in the course of time the colony would become largely self supporting. I therefore respectfully suggest[ed] that Dr Fraser be encouraged to enlarge his colony until it is able to cope with the majority of the lepers in the Moru tribe … I would further suggest that such a work should be confined to the lepers of the Moru tribe" "Report by Dr Robert Cochrane on the Leprosy Situation in the Sudan" 23 April 1930 [Leprosarium] [Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]
    1930 Ng'oraRobert Cochrane visited here in 1930 and reported that the buildings that Dr Wiggins had erected for his outpatients were very suitable for the purpose. ("Report on the Leprosy Situation in the Uganda Protectorate. Presented to the Uganda BELRA on March 24th 1930.") [Leprosarium] [Uganda]
    1930 Kumi Leprosy CentreRobert Cochrane reported that while he was at Ng'ora, he visited the children's hospital at Kumi. "Report on the Leprosy Situation in the Uganda Protectorate. Presented to the Uganda BELRA on March 24th 1930." [Leprosarium] [Uganda]
    1930 Lake Bunyoni Leprosy SettlementRobert Cochrane reported that "As leprosy is very prevalent in the Kigezi district and as the highly contagious type seems to be very common, active measures should be taken to prevent the further spread of the disease into areas where it is not so prevalent. I consider the scheme that Drs Sharp and Smith have in mind is a good one. The island on Lake Bunyoni is suitable for the purpose of a colony. There is room for a large number of lepers and the island is large enough for the healthy staff to have their houses in such a position that they can be almost completely separated from the leper community. Once the colony is started and there are two resident sisters on the spot, I do not think there will be much difficulty in attracting lepers to it. I have suggested however that the Mission should station a medical man on the island when possible. The aim should be to isolate as many of the infective cases as possible in the colony. If noninfective cases wish to live there also, they should be allowed to do so, but in the ordinary way they can, if living within a few miles of the hospital or dispensary, be treated as outpatients." (Robert Cochrane, "Report on the Leprosy Situation in the Uganda Protectorate. Presented to the Uganda BELRA on March 24th 1930") [Leprosarium] [Uganda]
    1930 Ongino HospitalIn 1930, Robert Cochrane reported that the hospital at Kapiri was in the process of being contructed.
    Source: "Report on the Leprosy Situation in the Uganda Protectorate. Presented to the Uganda BELRA on March 24th 1930."
    [Leprosarium] [Uganda]
    1930 MacasanaLeprosaria (Lepers Asylums) was set up in 1930 in Macasana with funds collected through public subscription by the late Dr. Froilano de mala, and the Government subsidy.
    "Leprosaria" was a treatment-cum-segregation centre for two-hundred lepers with an attached farming colony.
    Source: Gazetteer of the Union Territory: Goa, Daman and Diu District Gazetteer, Part 1: Goa, ed Dr V T Gun. Panaji: Gazetteer Department, Gov of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu, 1979: p. 714. [Leprosarium] [India]
    1930 Hangchow Leper Hospital"The numbers of patients has shown a fairly steady increase under present-day conditions and during the past year the inmates have averaged over 60."
    Source: Phyllis Haddow and Stephen D Sturton, 'Hangchow', in James L Maxwell, "Ridding China of Leprosy" The China Medical Journal, 44 (1930): 789. [Leprosarium] [China]
    1931 Norway: 68 cases (.023 per mille) cited as evidence of the value of segregation (Lie, quoted in Rogers 18). [Epidemiology, Legislation] [Europe]
    1931 International Leprosy Association is founded with new bylaws in Manila (President: V Heiser; Secretary: Robert Greenhill Cochrane). [People, Legislation] [Philippines]
    1931 Leprosy Prevention Society established in Japan. [Other] [Japan]
    1931 1931 - A patient named "'Stanley Stein", known as Carville's Crusader, prints the first issue of the Sixty-Six Star, an in-house patient two-page news sheet that later becomes The Star, a world renowned publication serving the interest of the world in Hansen's disease. He also writes a book about his fight for human rights for each of his fellow patients called Alone No Longer (Daughters of Charity, West Central Province Archives, “Record Group 11-2, Records of the National Hansen’s Disease Programs, Carville, Louisiana, Marillac Provincialate, St. Louis, Missouri”) [People] [Carville, North America]
    1931 150 000 leprosy patients were estimated in India in a population of 324 753 265, a prevalence of 0.48. Gupte writes that "It was realised in 1931 that these figures were gross underestimates and a correction factor of 8 was applied based on several survey findings obtained from 1927 onwards. Thus, an estimate was made of 1 million cases of leprosy in India for the year 1931." (Table 65.1: Information on Census and Leprosy Prevalence in India 1872 to 1931 in M D Gupte, "Leprosy: Epidemiology" in IADVL Textbook of Atlas of Dermatology vol 1 2nd ed, 2001: 1543) [Epidemiology] [India]
    1931 The Bargarh Leprosy Colony in Sambalpur district was opened. [Other] [India]
    1931 On July 25,1931, a Leprosy Survey was started in Cuttack Town. [Epidemiology] [India]
    1931 Dr H W Wade was appointed Medical Director of the Leonard Wood Memorial "Appendix 1 Important Dates and Events in the Scientific Program of the Leonard Wood Memorial" in Forty Years of Leprosy Research: History of the Leonard Wood Memorial (American Leprosy Foundation) 1928 to 1967 by Esmond R Long (Washington DC: Office of the Medical Director, Leonard Wood Memorial, 1967) [Organisation]
    1931 In 1931 the Leonard Wood Memorial Conference was convened at Manila, Philippines, with 22 scientists from 14 countries participating. Recommendations included revision of the classification of forms of leprosy, the establishment of the International Leprosy Association and the institution of the International Journal of Leprosy"Appendix 1 Important Dates and Events in the Scientific Program of the Leonard Wood Memorial" in Forty Years of Leprosy Research: History of the Leonard Wood Memorial (American Leprosy Foundation) 1928 to 1967 by Esmond R Long (Washington DC: Office of the Medical Director, Leonard Wood Memorial, 1967) [Organisation]
    1931 BELRA grants amounting to a total of £15,350 are recorded as having been received by the Uganda Government for anti-leprosy work during this year.

    Surveys of areas in eleven provinces of Uganda in 1930-31 of a population of 2,141,147 revealed 8,158 leprosy cases recognizable by the native chiefs or 3.8 per mille. The true number is no doubt much higher. They suffice to show that at that time the financial resources of both the Government and of BELRA were far too small to permit a full campaign against leprosy on the lines of the successful measures in Nigeria (Anti-Leprosy Measures in the Uganda Protectorate, 1824-51) in “Leprosy Incidence and Control in East Africa, 1924-1952 and the Outlook” by Leonard Rogers, Leprosy Review 25.1 (1954): 41-59 [Epidemiology, People, Organisation] [Africa, Uganda]
    1931 BELRA was recognised as the "first leprosy prevention organisation" at the International Leprosy Congress in Manila. [Organisation, Conference/Congress]
    1931 Sholapur District, Maharashtra, India: 108 cases per 10,000 population.
    Source: Maharashtra State Gazetteer: Government of Maharashtra, Sholapur District (Revised edition). Bombay Gazetteers Department, Government of Maharashtra, 1977. 1st edn 1884. 2nd edn (rev): 1977. p. 791. [Epidemiology] [India]
    1931 Thane District, Maharashtra, India: The census of 1931 recorded 4,000 persons as lepers in the district (33 cases per 1,00,000).
    Source: Maharashtra State Gazetteer: Government of Maharashtra Thane District (Revised Edition). Bombay: Gazetteers Department, Government of Maharashtra, 1982. 1st edn: 1882. 2nd edn (rev) 1982, p. 897. [Epidemiology] [India]
    1931 National Sanatorium Nagashima Aisei-en 国立療養所長島愛生園Nagashima Aiseien opened (1930 constructed) [Leprosarium] [Japan]
    1931 National Sanatorium Nagashima Aisei-en 国立療養所長島愛生園Dr Kensuke Mitsuda appointed Director: 81 patients transferred from Tama Zensho-en [Leprosarium] [Japan]
    1931 Agua de DiosBenchetrit, A, 'Informe que el Dr A Benchetrit rinde al Gobernador del Departamento de Cundinamarca - República de Colombia, en relación con una parte de los enfermos de lepra cundinamarqueses confiados a sus cuidados y recluidos en el Lazareto de Agua de Dios'. Bogotá, 1931.
    Source: Keffer, L, Índice Bibliográfico da Lepra:1.500-1.944, Vol II, I-P. Biblioteca do Departamento da Lepra do São Paulo, Brasil, 1946. [Leprosarium] [Colombia]
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